Linking to penalized site should not hurt your SEO efforts. And yes, the linked site will be benefited.

It depends on overall SEO, both on-page and off-page. In the current scenario, you can optimize the content more and try to win some backlinks for the page.

Ethical SEO - You can promote other links to move ahead of that link.

Both

I would suggest doing some CRO on your pages that are doing well and cutting out the ones that are not working for you. If you have that many ads that are not performing...

Do you have a blog on your website? Maybe google isn't sure what your website is/ what it's about. Try doing a site audit, that might also give you some insight as to wha...

What is the core content of your website, if not the ads?

Everything is quite transparent, with a very clear description of the issues. It was certainly educational. Your website is helpful. Indian Zodiac Signs

You can use this SEO service for your website, They will surely help you!

This might help you, https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/questions/126287/how-can-i-stop-pagination-urls-from-getting-indexed