Does Google index hash URL segment?

Hash in URL means anchor on that page. But if I use links like something.com/page.html#section does Google index this link as a separate page, so index would now contain both something.com/page.html and something.com/page.html#section? Obviously, where I see problem with that is duplicate content, which could be big issue for some sites (including my sites).

I just don't believe Google would be so stupid and index it that way. Or at least, there must be a way to fix it (something like rel=canonical).

I have no evidence that I was penalized for using #section, but it got me thinking lately...